Absenteeism 3

Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Background of the Study A child or student’s interest is the most basic element that makes a group learning system work in an organize way. From the head to the base members of this organization, the condition of one may affect the others. This kind of educational system is comparable to a series light connection where in the state of one greatly affects the others. Population and the percentage within that population which causes negative feedbacks can be the primary reason of a poor product. The group or classroom type of organized way of learning has given that impact to the community being the commonly used system. Its effectiveness has been proven and has never been out of fashion. The relationship between the student’s physical presence on class discussions and their learning performance are greatly relative. Class participation is just one way of measuring a child’s learning ability. In a class, the teacher-student relationship is one of the most fundamental units in student’s learning. Learning in a system of group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It is a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning from the others and others learning from that individual. When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the interaction within the class. This lost is being rooted to two different courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be a family situation or an individual problem. Then, under these courses are the factors that contribute to a child’s regular truancy. These may be finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance, poor school climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and alcohol use, and differing community attitude towards education (Savers, D. etal,2005). Absenteeism in one angle view point is one of the most common causes of degrading performances of the students. Especially to those who are included in the advance intelligence curriculum, absenteeism causes a great lose and may result to giving up an aimed position. It can also cause social repletion especially when a class is composed of a great number of students. This habit can cause a dilemma to the school administration when big figures are involve and may decrease the school’s performance. On the other hand, contamination of sickness and disease can be avoidable because of the absences of a person (Marbuger, D. , 2001) A student’s attendance may be the grounds of the results of his or her learning performance. School administration and faculty may also affect the absenteeism rate of their student, and so as the population of those who practice absenteeism affect the administration and the school itself. There are so many fruits that the root of absenteeism can produce depending to the situation of the respondent. Hence, this research will be conducted. Review of Related Literature There are a lot of factors which affect the student performances in academic areas. One of these is absenteeism. Absenteeism is defined to the students as a deliberate or habitual absence from going to school. Everybody misses a day of school activities and school lessons now and then. But it is a problem if the students will absent to many days in going to school, this will cause serious problems (http://www. enterpreneur. com/encyclopedia/term/82042. html). Absenteeism in students affects their school performances especially when they are in a group or teamwork for their assignments and projects. Since grouping will help develops the students’ cooperative and ability to share and gain knowledge from their group mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student (Koppenhaver, 2003). According to Schmidt in 1983, absenteeism affects the students’ ability to get high scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may fail and will cause him/her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’ performance. Students that participated exhibited higher grades and scores in examinations that the student. Marburger states that the difficulty inferring the effect of absenteeism on erformance because, once a student is absent in a class, he or she may miss the opportunity of learning other techniques. He found out that missing in class progresses the likelihood of missing examination material covered that day compared to the students who were present in the class (2001). It indicates that persistent absentees at an inner-city school in South Wales had significantly lower self concept self-esteem, more deprived socioeconomic backgrounds, l ower intelligence level, and more educational problems to control groups. Suggest that remedial measures for absenteeism should focus on raising self-concepts and changing attitudes toward school (Reid k, 1982). Absenteeism is the most significant factor to affect the functioning of assembly lines in the development of School Administration. Those high levels of absenteeism have negative repression colleagues’ effect to the production of quality levels of well trained students because of work specialization. The analysis of hundred absentees reveals hundred of instances of negative effect of building well discipline students for the future. In contrast to the empirical evidence it confirms that absenteeism produce higher level of problems, that value specialization among student has been significant reduced in the students’ achievements (Mateo R, 1998). Students’ contracts influence teacher attendance from the classroom. The teachers’ attendance has a positive and negative effect on interested students achieve. How students absences influences their teachers’-students’ relationship. Teacher and student absenteeism affect the student test score performance base on extensive data collection effect, conducted by authors. It presents an economic analysis using data from over 700 school district in New York State 1986-1987. It includes that provisions plays a big rule like (the number of unused leave day by teacher will accumulate and â€Å"cash in† at retirement may simultaneously bathetic in teachers and student (Pitkoff, 19903). Teachers who maid and received low performance making tend to miss a larger number of days than those who did not. Teachers with marks do not feel a connection to the workplace and believe they are ineffective in the classroom. This gives an impetus for school administration to develop teachers’ growth plan early in the academic years for low performing teachers than the later in year (Pitkoff, 1993). To prevent and correct serious attendance problems, schools need to change the way they structured improves the quality of the courses and intensity interpersonal relationship between teachers and students (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002). School refusal behavior is a term synonymously used with absenteeism. Classifications of this are the following manifestation: social phobia, school phobia, anxiety and/or depression and truancy (Daleidan et. l, 1999). Of all these manifestations, truancy is one that presents a diversity of issues of interest to school personnel while the others need medical or counseling interventions (Williams, 1998) The organizational structures and culture of a school setting contributes to how students experience the system. School characteristics and culture can influence student abs enteeism (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002). Perhaps organizational school structures endorse reward particular peer groups while ignoring the others. If so, peer identity becomes relevant in schools as the values, attitudes and beliefs held within the peer groups predispose those in the group to endorse or reject the mission of schools. Haris(1996) claims that peer groups are more powerful than parents in changing the values of an individual. The teenagers class themselves out into peer groups varying in their attitudes towards intellectual achievement and can even find anti-intellectual groups in middle class neighborhoods and if this is the case, the choice of peer group could have an effect upon the academic outcome of a student thus, causing absenteeism (Hartnett, 2008). The curriculum of schools and strength of approval against the habitual absenteeism are also cited as contributing causes to the problem. It was cited by some students as a reason for non-attendance the lack of challenging and interesting course work and curriculum (Kilpatric, et. al, 1999). Students also cited that negative self-image and low self-esteem are reasons for absenteeism. The negative self-images are sometimes resulting of labeling and tracking within the school system (Lotz and Lee, 1999). According to Lotz and Lee that mostly of the adolescents today receive less supervision than in the past (1999). The contributing factors to chronic absenteeism involve parental and school-based responsibility. In many cases, parents actually condone the absence by ignoring excuses when no valid reason from school (Kilpatrick, et. al, 1996). A study presents by Unger,Morton and Laing (1997) presents the argument that students who participate in cooperative experiences, even the cause for this occurrence is not conclusive. Students who already exhibit absenteeism might be interesting to the programs that primarily caused the students to leave school thus more day of non-attendance. Students might disassociate themselves more from the school setting since they are experiencing the world of work. They may have access to their own transportation and find easier to be absent. This view regarding length of the school day, implementations of Blocks Scheduling with few and longer periods when compared to a seven period day with shorter periods appear to reduce absenteeism. Thus school systems implement the six or seven period day of a higher rate experiencing absenteeism (Khazzaka, 1997/1998). Birman and Natriello (1978) categorized in possible explanations for absenteeism into three categories. The most common were the students’ lack of adequate socialization and ignorance of appropriate behavior. The second group of explanations, the school-level group, was primarily concerned with peer pressure and school organizational patterns and their adverse effects. The authors labeled the third group societal-level explanations. These included changing social mores and community values. According to Louie F. Rodriguez and Gilberto Q. Conchas, â€Å"this case study explores how a community-based truancy prevention program mediates against absenteeism, truancy, and dropping out and positively transforms the lives of Black and Latina/Latino middle school youth. Findings suggest that community-school partnerships are critical in the quest to combat truancy and the alarming dropout rate among urban youth. This study also shows how committed individuals can work to engage and empower low-income urban youth who are disengaged from school. Extensive interviews and observations with Latina/Latino and Black youth demonstrate how the intervention program mediates against social and academic failure. Using grounded theory, this article explores four student-identified dimensions that impact his/her (re)engagement with school: (a) the importance of space that promotes peer relations, (b) incentive structures within programs, (c) the need for social networks, and (d) youth advocacy as a mechanism for institutional accountability. Implications for combating truancy, reducing dropout, and promoting student engagement are discussed. Reprinted by permission of the publisher†(2009). â€Å"A case study involving an ethnographic assessment of adult English as a second language program at a community center in southern Minnesota is outlined. Findings revealed that additional curricular structure and more effective communication between teachers and students regarding content and outcomes were keys to reducing absenteeism and those more attentive, respectful estimations of students' abilities would ensure effective communication and help students develop a sense of ownership in their learning† according to the study of Susan L. Schalge and Kay Soga (2008). According to the study of Dube, Shanta R and Orpinas, Pamela, they investigated the negative and positive behavioral reinforcement profiles of behavior related to excessive absenteeism. â€Å"Negative reinforcement involves avoidance, and positive reinforcement involves gaining parental attention or getting tangible benefits from not attending. Data on school refusal behavior were obtained from 99 upper-elementary and middle school students referred for attendance problems. Three profiles were identified: 17. 2 percent of participants attributed absenteeism to both positive and negative reinforcement; 60. percent attributed absenteeism only to positive reinforcement; and 22. 2 percent had no profile. Findings revealed that the three groups differed considerably in mean scores for behavioral difficulties: participants from the multiple profile groups had the highest level of behavioral problems, while participants from the no-profile group had the lowest. †(2009). The British J ournal of Educational Psychology states â€Å"lack of adjustment or school failure is a concern to educators, educational and school psychologists as well as parents, but few studies have focused on school adjustment during late adolescence. Moreover, studies have yet to explore associations between parenting and school adjustment among upper secondary school students. Aim the primary objective of this study is to explore the relative and unique influence of parental support, behavioral control and psychological control (overprotection and autonomy granting) in school adjustment among upper secondary school students. The sample consisted of 564 students (15-18 years of age) in vocational and general educational courses from one upper secondary school in western Norway. The results showed that perceived parental practices accounted for moderate, but statistically significant amounts of variance in different aspects of school adjustment. The findings indicate that perceived parental socialization practices are only moderately associated with school adjustment among upper secondary school students. This probably reflects the fact that the influence of specific parenting practices declines as children and young adolescents mature into late adolescent students†(2009). The study of M. Scott Norton about the ABSENTEEISM AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT in the year of 2009 â€Å"the rate of teacher absenteeism has been found to be highest in elementary schools, schools with lower student achievement, schools composed of economically disadvantaged and minority students, and schools that do not require teachers to speak to their immediate supervisor about pending absence, urban school districts †¦ and districts with enrollments in excess of 257,000. (Pitkoff, p. 39). In schools where students are poorest and failing the most academically, teachers tend to be absent more often. In one study, the percentage of students reading below grade level was found to be the greatest predictor of school employee absenteeism, followed by the percentage of students eligible to receive free lunch (Pitkoff, 1993). Studies relating the direct effects of teacher absenteeism on student achievement are limited and tend to differ in their findings. For example, in a study that focused on fourth-grade reading results, it was determined that teacher absenteeism adversely affected student achievement (Summers & Raivetz, 1982). O'Brien and others (1982) also found negative impacts of teacher absenteeism on student learning. Yet, Ziomek and Schoenberger (1983) were unable to establish such an association. Studies by Madden and others (1991) and by Ehrenberg and others (1991) also did not support the contention that student academic performance was associated with teacher absence. In view of Pitkoff's (1993) finding that school employees rated as unsatisfatory tend to be absent significantly more days than those rated satisfactory, a reasonable conclusion might be that the absence of a â€Å"poor† teacher does not impact negatively on student learning†. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The student body is the greatest contributor to the success or the ground falling of the school. An individual who have habitually made absences in class may have lost the chance of learning. He or she might have less chances of getting an aimed position. The school who plays an important role to a child’s motivation has known the impact of absenteeism to a student and to the school performance it’s self. The chronic spread of absenteeism may have roots that affect the attendance of an individual. â€Å"A constant doing may lead to a constant result, just like Domino† (Asia Child Data Trend, 2008). Coping up is never easy, especially when there is a lot of work to be done. Some teacher’s are also considerate that slows down the run of class discussion. Absenteeism alone when a large part of the school population is involved may not only cause a problem to the school but also to the local administration (Williams, L. , 2001). The performances being recorded at the diagnostic tests or midterm exams for example will determine the schools performance. And when absences are done, it can pull down even the highest scores. That is why the results of absenteeism are to be identified as so the solutions can be formulated to materialize the aims of the school and the individuals. Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study Statement of the Problem The study aims to identify the most common effect of absenteeism to a student and the whole body as how the student and teachers specify each. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the teacher and student respondent in terms of: a. Gender b. Age c. Civil status 2. What are the common causes of absences done by the students in terms of: a. Self-Inquiry b. Family Problem 3. What are the effects of absenteeism as grouped according to: a. Students Learning Performance b. School Performance 4. Is there a significant Difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance? Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance. Ha: There is a significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school Significance of the Study In many ways, whether in a tiny scale or in a wide range scale the findings of this research will benefit the following individuals in their own respective fields: The Student. Once an individual will know the impact of his doings, he or she will find ways and means to lessen the damage done. It will let this individual know the scope of his abilities and the right way of directing things especially when he would realize the effect of his habitual absences to the school body. To those students who do not have the knowledge on this aspect, they will be given chance to think, and may join the population which influences the declining of absences ratio. The Teachers. The teachers who serve as the parent when a child is in school will be able to formulate ideas on how to reduce the number of students who skip classes or who habitually commit to absences. They will be the keys of motivation and inspiration of their students. The School Administrator. Knowing the effects of absenteeism to a student, the school administration is the one primarily affected. Their concerns can then be discussed with the student body and so as the student body sharing their troubles to the administration. Through a conference the administration might be able to arrive to solutions which can be applicable o different situations. The DepEd Authorities. The Department of Education main goal is to be able to produce productive citizens of the community. Absenteeism is one of the factors that disturb the stableness of this goal. When the results are evident, the DepEd authorities together with the different school administration may arrive to a step by step planning to kill the rodents of absenteeism. The Parent. The parents are the direct and the baseline in communication in relation to their child’s regular truancy. Knowing the impact of absenteeism to their child’s learning performance, a parent will be at the concerns of convincing their child to attend school and protect them from the primary causes of their absences. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study focuses mainly to the effects of absenteeism to a student’s learning performance and the schools performance as signified by the teachers and students. The respondents are students from Agusan National High school, Third Year Science High Curriculum and the respective teacher’s who still belongs to this scope. This will determine the impacts of absenteeism into an individual and the body where he or she belongs and to arrive to simple solutions on this eye visible dame. The personal information needed for the study is Gender, Age, and cause of absences such as self-inquiry and family problem. The effects of absenteeism o student’s learning and school performances are enumerated in determining the answers of the respondents. Definition of Terms: Absenteeism. The regular truancy of a child; The habit of having absences. Family problem. The problems of the family that greatly affects a student’s attendance to school. This includes financial support (the family can’t afford education or education is not a primary necessity), differing community attitudes towards education (The people that surrounds home and within it education is not given importance), transportation (The family might lived in a very rural community where in transportation cannot easily reach Individual learning performance. The variation on the learning of a student being monitored in different ways e. g. class interaction, test results) Science High School Students. The students belonging to a special curriculum on higher education. Taught advance learning in science and mathematics Self Inquiry. The problems of an individual or a student that affects his attendance to school. Specifically social phobia (don’t have friends), health (always sick), school culture shock (have a hard time coping up, might be that the school is too advance or too slow. , influences from outside the school gates (sees people who cuts classes, Internet and Computer games. ), Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design The use of survey approach, in particular the utilization of descriptive method was observed in this research study. The use of the certain approach was to that it corresponds to the main objective of this research that is to determine the effect of absenteeism to school and ind ividual learning performances among third year Science High students of Agusan National High School as a basis for a conference dialogue. A survey questionnaire will be istributed that has four sets of questions to be answered by the students and teachers. The quantitative research techniques using Likert scale was used to rate the individual and school performance due to absenteeism. And also frequency test for the cause of it whether it is self inquiry or a family problem. Research Locale There are several High schools in Butuan City where the primary respondents of this research came from, Agusan National High School in fact is the largest high school and also has the biggest population found in this community, therefore it was chosen for the reality that it can determine the impact of absenteeism. The school grounds of this said school is found in A. D. Curato St. corner Noli Me Tangere St. Butuan City, Philippines. And as shown in the map below of Butuan is Area 52(Piepenbrock G. ,2009). The respondents of this study came from Agusan National High School, specifically those who belong to the special curriculum of the Science High School. Briefly this curriculum was established in 1994 by the administrators of the Department of Education Butuan Chapter. The students of the said curriculum are chosen especially to undergo advance learning and the teachers are also given same importance since it was built. The third year students and their teachers in different subject areas will be the respondents of this study Agusan National High School (ANHS) is one of the leading public high school in Butuan City, Philippines. It caters the educational needs of most of the population in the community. The school has produced competent graduates and many of them hold key positions in the community. [pic] Figure 2. The map of Butuan City showing area 52 as Agusan National High school The school is strategically located at the heart of the city. It accommodates almost ten thousand students. It has the biggest population in the whole region Caraga. It is manned by 270 strong and competent teachers from different fields of specialization under the supervision of the Secondary School Principal IV. The students are trained in order for them to face the future. A graduate of this school is expected to be upright in all the aspects in life. Most of all, students are trained in order to live independent life ahead and become a globally competent Filipino. Research Instrument The instruments used in the study are the following: 1. Questionnaire Form. This instrument was structured by the researchers to set up the socio-demographic profile of the student and teacher respondents. The said instrument will be used to determine the gender and age of the respondents. The evidences on the effects of absenteeism to school and individual performances and also its causes whether it would be a self inquiry or family problem were also listed in different sets. 2. Survey Questionnaire for Students and Teachers. This instrument will be used to determine the performances of the student who has frequent absences to his classes and his contribution to school performance. Data Gathering Procedure There will be 14 teachers and 89 students who will serve as the respondents of the study. They will be answering the questions on the survey questionnaire organized and distributed by the researchers. They will be the one to determine the performances of the students who engaged to habitual absences, and its cause. They will be also asked on how this absenteeism affects the school performance. When the task is duly accomplished and the questionnaires were retrieved, processed, tabulated. It will be submitted to the analysis of data. Sampling Techniques The research study made use of the purposive sampling technique. There were 36 students and 14 teachers asked to rate the students learning and school performance. Table 1. Student Population and Respondents of the Study |Sections |Population |Sample | |(Third Year Science High) | | | | |Male |Female |Total |Male |Female |Total | |III-Avogadro |9 |29 |38 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Curie |8 |26 |34 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Dalton |10 |31 |41 |4 |5 |9 | |III-Lavosier |12 |24 |36 |4 |5 |9 | |Total |39 |110 |149 |16 |20 |36 | Table 2. Teacher Population and Respondents of the Study Section |Population |Sample | |(Third Year Science High) | | | | |Male |Female |Total |Male |Female |Total | |III-Avogadro |5 |10 |15 |2 |7 |9 | |III-Curie | | | | | |III-Dalton |1 |2 |3 |0 |1 |1 | |III-Lavosier |4 |2 |6 |3 |1 |4 | |Total |10 |14 |24 |5 |9 |14 | Note: Some teachers handle the same subject in some sections and were not accounted twice. Data Analysis The researchers will hand the survey questionnaires in a manner of strict and proper distribution. The gathered data would undergo careful evaluation and analysis. For the Socio demographic profile, the researchers will make use of corresponding numerical value to present the data as follows: I. Socio Demographic Profile A. Gender Numer ical Value |Gender | |1 |Male | |2 |Female | B. Age (Student Respondent) |Numerical Value |AGE | |1 |13-16 YRS. OLD | |2 |17-20 YRS. OLD | |3 |21-24 YRS. OLD | C. Age (Teacher Respondent) Numerical Value |AGE | |1 |20-29 YRS. OLD | |2 |30-39 YRS. OLD | |3 |40-49 YRS. OLD | |4 |50-59 YRS. OLD | |5 |60-69 YRS. OLD | Civil Status for Teacher Numerical Value |Civil Status | |1 |Single | |2 |Married | |3 |Separated | |4 |Widow | The Likert scale with 5 point rating is used to describe the performance of the students as based in their regular truancy within the given 15 fields and points of learning. The said scale will also be used to determine the effect of absenteeism on the school as how its performance is being described by the respondents. II. Likert Scale |Descriptive Rating |Weight |Scale Interval | |Excellent |5 |4. 50-5. 0 | |Very Good |4 |3. 50-4. 49 | |Good |3 |2. 50-3. 46 | |Fair |2 |1. 50-2. 49 | |Poor |1 |1. 00-1. 49 | Statistical Treatment The following statistics will be used for the data analysis: 1. Mean – The mean is used to determine the general description of the effect of absenteeism to the performances of a student’s learning and school. The mean will ascertain the fields greatly affected by absenteeism as perceived by the student and the teachers. 2. Chi-square (Test of Independence)- The Chi-square test of independence was used as a treatment to this study to verify, if any, a significant difference between the perception of the teachers and students on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school performance. 3. Frequency – The frequency is used to determine the more frequent occurring rate in the different indicators. This will then identify the performing levels of the different indicators on the effect of absenteeism on student learning and school performance. 4. Standard Deviation – The standard deviation is the statistical measure that sheds light on historical volatility of the study which can give a c0omprehensive verbal description to the indicators or factors of the research study. Chapter III ANALYSIS AND RESULTS In this chapter the researchers showed the results and discussions on the results of the study. Specifically it presents the organization on the problem stated in the first chapter. Problem 1. What is the profile of the teacher and student respondent in terms of: Gender, Age, Civil status? Table 3. Respondents According to Gender GENDER |STUDENT |TEACHER | | |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |MALE |16 |44% |5 |36% | |FEMALE |20 |56% |9 |64% | |TOTAL |36 |100% |14 |100% | As shown in Table 3 majority of the student respondents are female which is composed of 2 0 individuals or the 56% of the100%. The table also shows the greater number of females of the teacher respondents which totaled 9 or 64% of the 100%. In further discussions the population of both students and teachers are composed of more female respondents with a fraction corresponding to males number of respondents. Table 4. Student Respondents According to Age |AGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |13-16 YRS. OLD |36 |100% | |17-20 YRS. OLD |0 |0% | |21-24 YRS. OLD |0 |0% | |TOTAL |36 |100% | Table 4 shows that all of the student respondents which is 36 in number belonged to the age bracket of 13-16 years old. This is then interpreted that 100% of the students belong to the Third year of High school that corresponds to the scope of the study. Table 5. Teacher Respondents According to Age |AGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |20-29 YRS. OLD |1 |7% | |30-39 YRS. OLD |5 |36% | |40-49 YRS. OLD |2 |14% | |50-59 YRS. OLD |5 |36% | |60-69 YRS. OLD |1 |7% | |TOTAL |14 |100% | In Table 5 the data shows that most of the teachers belonged to the 30-39 years old bracket and 50-59 years old age bracket. In the following classification, each have 5 respondents or each had 36% of the total population as the research was being conducted. Table 6. Teacher Respondents According to Civil Status CIVIL STATUS |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |SINGLE |3 |21% | |MARRIED |11 |79% | |SEPARATED |0 |0% | |WIDOW |0 |0% | |TOTAL |14 |100% | As being shown in the table above, most of the teacher respondents were married at a population of 11 out of 14 or 79% of the total 100%. The rest of the respondents were classified single which is 3 in number or 21% of the total. Problem 2. What are the common causes of absences done by the students in terms of: Self-Inquiry or Family Problem? Table 7. Primary Cause of a Student’s Truancy as Perceived by the Students and Teachers |CAUSE |STUDENT |TEACHER | | |FREQUENCY |PRRCENTAGE |FREQUENCY |PERCENTAGE | |SELF INQUIRY |21 |58% |6 |43% | |FAMILY PROBLEM |15 |42% |8 |57% | |TOTAL |36 |100% |14 |100% | Self- inquiry is the main reason for a student to make an absence as what is being taken notice by other students that is being certified by Table 7. The resulting calculation shows that 21 students agreed to the fact to the said hindrance or the 58% out of the 100%. The teacher respondents look at the situation in a different angle, and most have agreed that family problem have caused the truancy of their students. Out of 14 respondents, 8 sees that the lack of family support had pushed absenteeism to what it is now. Statistically these 8 respondents compose the 57% of the total 100% population of teacher respondents. According to Williams, the student’s decision on a school based problem will not be taken responsibility by the school or the family. His regular absences will take a part on what he learns and because of some conditions, like social phobia or unsustainable community practice he will have the reason to quit school. Another claim from Haris was to be given attention for as far as his research had shared; he claimed that peer groups are more powerful influences in changing an individual than thy very own parents. And influences like this especially the not so good ones must have been provoking such individual in skipping school. But his research also discussed that there are times that the condition of oneself must be a priority. Sickness can be a factor to a self-inquired reason on absenteeism that must address an urgent action. Furthermore this citation agrees to the side of the student respondents that self-inquiry is a justified reason and adequate enough to be a basis of absences. Other authors, like Hartnett have seen another breakthrough to similar studies such as this. He have witnessed some occasions where in the family itself cannot provide a good education for its younger members. The lack of enthusiasm in some communities towards education has also influenced the attitude of a certain group of people towards educational link, thus absenteeism was observed. This is true to what the teacher respondents have observed in their school. Problem 3. What are the effects of absenteeism as grouped according to: Students Learning and School Performance? Table 8. Effect of Absenteeism to Students Learning Performance as Perceived by Student and Teacher Respondents |Indicators |Student |Teacher | | |Mean |VD | | |Mean | | |Student |Teacher | | |X2c | | | |Student |Teacher | | |Student |2132 |1314 |3446 | |Teachers |1514 |696 |2210 | |TOTAL |3646 |2010 |5656 | 1. ) df = (r-1)(c-1) = (2-1)(2-1) = (1)(1) = 1 Level of Significance = 5% X2t = 3. 84 Expected value: Cell 1:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(3646)(3446)]/ 5656 = (12564116)/ 5656 = 2221. 38 Cell 2:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(2010)(3446)]/5656 = (6926460) = 1224. 62 Cell 3:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(3646)(2210)]/5656 = (8057660)/5656 = 1424. 62 Cell 4:EV = [(VT)(HT)]/ GT = [(2010)(2210)]/5656 = (4442100)/5656 = 785. 38 |Cell |O |E |(|O-E|-0. 5)2 |(|O-E|-0. 5)2 /E | |1 |2132 |2221. 38 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | |2 |1314 |1224. 62 |7899. 65 |1. 0 | |3 |1514 |1424. 62 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | |4 |696 |785. 38 |7899. 65 |1. 40 | | |N= 5656 |N= 5656 | |5. 6 | CONCLUSION: | X2C | | X2t | | 5. 6 | | 3. 84 | 5. 6 ; 3. 84 Reject Ho, Accept Ha There is a significant difference between the perception of the students and teachers on the effect of absenteeism in terms of students learning and school CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: April Jobeth G. Barrot Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: 241 P-1 Obrero, Butuan City Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: April 9, 1994 Height: 150 cm Weight: 37 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Contact#: 2257130/09102442074 Fathers Name: Job R. Barrot Age 49 yrs. old Occupation: Seaman Mothers Name: Elizabeth G. Barrot Age: 46 yrs. old Occupation: Pharmacist Brothers Name: Jeb G. BarrotAge: 17 yrs. old Steven Ellie G. BarrotAge: 1 yr. old Frankie Job G. Barrot Age: 1 yr. old Sisters Name: Jobelle Beth G. BarrotAge: 8 yrs. old II. Educational Background Preschool – Child Learning Development School – S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool Kinder I Honors: Best in Math, Best in Filipino, and Best in English Award: Most Neat Kinder II Honors: Best in Math, Best in Science, Best in English, Best in Filipino Award: Most Neat Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 8th Honors Award: Most Patients Grade 2 Honors: 6th Honors Award: Most Neat Grade 3 Honors: 9th Honors Award: Most Neat Grade 4 Honors: 14th Honors Award: Most Clean Grade 5 Honors: 8th Honors Awards: Dancer of the Year and Most Cooperative Grade 6 Honors: 6th Honors Awards: Most Industrious, 1st in Katutubong Sayaw, Cheer dance Competition (Champion), Outstanding Pupil Government Officers, Outstanding Choir Member and Outstanding Dance Troupe Members Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 9th Honors 2nd Year Level Honor: 5th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009 Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Raniana Cabonce Valencia Age: 15 yrs. old Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: July 3, 1994 Height: 145 cm Weight: 35 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Robert G. Valencia Occupation:Poultry Raiser Mothers Name: Rosario C. Valencia Occupation: High School Teacher II. EducationAL bACKGROUND Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool 2nd Honors Outstanding Pupil Best in Writing Best in Math 2nd Place Spelling Bee Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 9th Honors Grade 2 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 3 Honors: 4th Honors Grade 4 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 5 Honors: 3rd Honors Award: 1st Place Filipino Quiz Bee Grade 6 Honors: 2nd Honorable Mention Awards: 3rd Place in Napkin Folding -5th Place Investigatory Project -6th Place Editorial Cartooning – Outstanding Choir Member Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 1st Honors Award: APEC 2008 Academy Award First Place – 3rd Place Essay Writing 2nd Year Level Honor: 10th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School School Press Conference, Butuan Central Elem. School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2007-2008 Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2008-2009 Red Cross Youth Seminar, Agusan National High School, February 13, 2009 School Disaster Management: First Aid Training, Ausan National High School, September 11-12, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Gea Anne I. Makinano Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: P-6 Brgy. 16, Ong Yu, Butuan City Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: October 12, 1994 Height: 151 cm Weight: 39 kg Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Felixberto L. Makinano Occupation: deceased Mothers Name: Elvira I. Makinano Occupation: OFW II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Preschool –Balay Silonganan Learning Center – S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Preschool Kinder II Honors: Salutatorian Awards: Best in Writing, Most Neat and Clean Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 1st Honors Award: Best in Writing, Most Punctual, Most Neat and Clean, Best in Science Grade 2 Honors: 4th Honors Award: Most Polite Grade 3 Honors: 4th Honors Award: Most Neat and Clean, Most Polite Grade 4 Honors: 2nd Honors Award: Most Polite, 1st Place Science Quiz Bee District Level, 3rd Place Science Quiz Bee Division Level Grade 5 Honors: 2nd Honors Awards: Participant- Water District Quiz Bee District Level Grade 6 Honors: Salutatorian Awards: Outstanding Award, 1st Place MTAP Division Level (Team), 3rd Place MTAP Division Level Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 6th Honors Award: Model Student 2nd Year Level Honor: 14th Honors IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 009 Symposiums, Agusan National High School, Butuan City, S. Y. 2008-2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name:Charissa L. Abingosa Age: 15 yrs. old City Address: Employees Village, Libertad Provincial Address: Agusan Del Norte Date of Birth: April 4, 1994 Height: 164 cm Weight: 52. 5 kg Civil Status: Sing le Religion: Roman Catholic Citizenship: Filipino Fathers Name: Manuel Q. Abingosa Age 47 yrs. old Occupation: Motor Cycle Driver Mothers Name: Nerlita L. Abingosa Age: 46 yrs. old Occupation: Government Employee Brothers Name: Emmanuel L. Abingosa Age: 14 yrs. old II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Preschool –Sacred Heart– S. Y. : 1999-2001 Primary Level – Butuan Central Elementary School – S. Y. : 2001-2007 Secondary Level – Agusan National High School – S. Y. : 2007-Present III. Honors, Scholarship and Awards Primary Level Grade 1 Honors: 6th Honors Grade 2 Honors: 1st Honors Grade 3 Honors: 14th Honors Grade 4 Honors: 8th Honors Grade 5 Honors: 8th Honors Grade 6 Honors: 3rd Honors Secondary Level 1st Year Level Honor: 5th Honors 2nd Year Level Honor: 21st Honors Awards: 1st place in Division and District 2nd Year Level Suduko 2nd Place in 1st Regional Math Festival IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippine Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Senior/Cadet Scouts Conference, August 15, 2009, at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City Chief Girl Scout Medal Scheme Orientation and Workshop at GSP Headquarters, Capitol Site, Butuan City, July 25, 2009 Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Gonzaga, Mhizelie Jave F. Age: 15 yrs. old Address: P-10 Ong Yiu Dist. Butuan City Birth date:February 21, 1994 Gender: Female Status: Single Parents Information: Mothers Name: Ma. Jovelin V. Forrosuelo Occupation: Public School Teacher Fathers Name: Jose Bayani L. Gonzaga Occupation: Owner Type Jeepney Driver No. of Siblings: 1 Position in Family: Eldest II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Schools Attended: Preschool: Angelicum Montessori School; S. Y. 1998-2000 Elementary:Butuan City SPED Center FL; S. Y. 2001-2006 High School: Agusan national High School; S. Y 2007- present III. Honor Scholarships and Awards Preschool: Graduated as a Salutatorian Awards: Proficiency in Science Best in Oral Expression (Filipino) Best in Writing Best in Reading Best in Spelling Most Neat and Clean Best in Music and Rhythm Elementary: Graduated as a Salutatorian Awards: S. Y. 2006-2007 1st Place Regional Quiz Bee, SPED Schools Category 3rd Place, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All 1st Placer Division Science Quiz Bee nd Placer Division Science Fair â€Å"Comparing Metal Elements Found in Leaves of Different Mango Varieties† 3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual Category 3rd Runner up, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Competition Qualifier, Philippine Science High School Scholarship Exam, Davao Campus Contributor, â€Å"Ang Manaol† O fficial School Paper of BCSC (Filipino) Active Girl Scout Red Cross Member Class Auditor Best in Science Most Diligent Academic Excellence Awardee, Green Bank CARAGA Chapter Academic Excellence Awardee, M. Lurielle, Butauan City Branch S. Y. 2005-2006 3rd Honors, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Individual Category 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category S. Y. 2004-2005 2nd Placer, Regional Science Quiz Bee, Over All S. Y. 2003-2004 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team category S. Y. 2002-2003 1st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category High School: Awards: S. Y. 2007-2008 1st Placer, Division Science Quiz Bee st Placer, Division MTAP Math Challenge, Team Category S. Y. 2008-2009 3rd Placer, Schools Science Fair, â€Å"Copper and Tin Alloy As Substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell† 3rd Placer, Regional Science Fair, â€Å"Copper and Tin Alloy as substitute to Silicon in Photovoltaic Cell† IV. Seminar, Conference Attended Philippin e Society of Youth Science Club, September 6-7, 2008, Agusan National High School Brown Raise Seminar, Saint Joseph Institute and Technology, February 6, 2009 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Personal BACKGROUND Name: Ben Jay Felizarta Age: 15 years old Address: New Asia R. Calo, Butuan City B-day: July 9, 1994 Mother’s Name: Rosanna Felizarta Occupation: House Keeper Father’s Name: Bilarmino Ocay Occupation: Tailor II. EducationAL BACKGROUND Pre-School: Honor Received-1st Honor Primary Level: Obrero Elementary School Honor Received- Gr. 1 – 1st Honor Gr. 2 – 1st Honor Gr. 3 – 2nd Honor Gr. 4 – 1st Honor Gr. 5 – 2nd Honor Gr. 6 – 1st Honorable Mention Secondary Level: Agusan National High School Honor Received- None so far ———————– The effect of absenteeism to student’s learning and class/school performance. Conduct a Conference Dialogue Socio-Demographic profile of the respondent: †¢ Gender †¢ Age †¢ Civil status Common cause of absence †¢ Self inquiry †¢ Family problem †¢ AGUSAN RIVER AGUSAN RIVER

Customer Is Always Right

A business’s keeness to put customers first Important to reach a business’s objectives and goals Customer is the main source of revenue Important to follow the policy in order to retain customers To retain company’s image and reputation Avoid bad public relation Avoid customer desertion Avoid law suits Leads to higher profitability 10. Satisfied and happy customers will promote your products or services 11. Having your customers as ambassadors help you expand your business quickly 12. Helps company to operate more efficiently in long run 13. Listening to complaints or feedbacks will help a business to identify and ammend its weakness. 14. Customers whose complaints are attended to are more likely to be returning customers. 15. Lowers employees’ morale 16. Unfair to employees 17. Reduces a business’s profitabilty 18. Demanding customers are a waste of time and resources 19. Time used to deal with over-demanding customers can instead be used for potential good ones instead. 20. Employees should be well equipped with training to improve customer service. 21. Customers who are angry and unsatisfied will resort to a business’s rivals. Argument 2 : Obtain higher profitability in the long term. Argument 3 : It helps the business to operate more effectively in the future. Counter Argument 2 : It creates unhappy employees, lowers employees morale and motivation to work. Thesis Statement : Is is important for businesses to always have the policy that the customer is right because it will retain a company’s image, uphold its reputation, leads to a higher profit and enables the business to operate more effectively. Topic Sentence 1 : Retain a company’s image and reputation. Supporting statement: 1) It will be quicker to reach a business’s objectives and goals. ) Avoid unwanted situations such as negative publicity, desertion by customers and legal suits. Topic Sentence 2 : Obtain higher profitability in the long term. Supporting statement: 1) Customers whose complaints are attended efficiently will most likely be returning customers; there will be brand loyalty. 2) Unhappy customers are most likely t o tell their unsatisfaction to others and the business will risk losing potential clients to their rivals. Topic Sentence 3 : It helps the business to operate more effectively in the future. Supporting statement : 1) Negative feedbacks can be used as constructive criticism for improvement. ) Customers will remain loyal if their feedbacks are taken into consideration and they will not defect to a business’s rival. Topic Sentence 4 : Some customers are more troubles than they are worth. Supporting Statement : 1) In the midst of satisfying customers, business profitablity will drop due to the need to rectify problems and givecompensations. 2) Some customers are just wasting your time and resources. Topic Sentence 5 : It creates unhappy employees Supporting statement : 1) It lowers employees’ morale. 2) It lowers employees’ motivation to work. Refutation : ) Although the policy will cause businesses to spend more time and resources in dealing with demanding customer s, it will garner higher customer loyalty and expand the consumer base. 2) Despite that the policy may create unhappiness among employees, it is their job to ensure that customer satisfaction comes first above others. Conclusion: Thepolicy is important to all businesses because it not only generate higher profits but also maintain it’s image and reputation alongside to an effective opperation Topic Sentence 1 : First of all, it will retain the company image and reputation. ) It will avoid negative image of public relation. 2) Save cost as possible legal suits can be prevented. 3) Desertion by the customers can be avoided. *Topic Sentence 2 : Second*ly*, it wil*l increase profitability. Supporting statement : 1) Brand loyalty will exist and customer can be retained. 2) Happy customers will help to advertise and promote your company. 3) Unsatisfied customers will persuade others to stop the purchase of goods and services from your company. Topic Sentence 3 : However, maintainin g this busine*ss policy will eventually makes *the employees unhappy. Supporting statement : *Topic Sentence 4 : In addition, *it gives abrasive customer an unfair advantage. Supporting statement : 1) Company is forced to compensate and this increase cost. 2) Similar incidents will happen again if is not handled properly. At this point, one may wonder if we should maintain this policy or dispose it, but in order for a company to survive, this policy should be followed by every company to avoid profit declination and due to the reason that satisfying employees’ needs will eventually ignore the customer satisfaction. Introduction : In today’s competitive world, a business must always have the policy that the consumer is right because it does not only retain a company’s image and reputation, it also leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. *Topic Sentence 1 : *The policy will retain and strengthen *a company’s *image and reputation, making them a step quicker at reaching their objectives and goals. Supporting statement: 1) Good customer service is important for a company to be different from others. ) Avoid unwanted situations such as negative publicity, desertion by customers and legal suits. *Topic Sentence 2 : *It is undeniable that higher profits are obtained in the long term by these businesses as well. Supporting statement: 1) Customers who have their complaints and suggestions attended efficiently are most likely to be your returning customers. 2) When a client becomes dissatisfied, you risk losing t hat business plus potential business if negative comments about your company are passed along. Topic Sentence 3 : It helps the business to operate more effectively in the future. Supporting statement : 1) Negative feedbacks can be used as constructive criticism for improvement. 2) Customers will remain loyal if their feedbacks are taken into consideration and they will not defect to a business’s rival. Topic Sentence 4 : Some customers are more troubles than they are worth. Supporting Statement : 1) Company begins to suffer from having a bad seed on your client list and this will cause profit to drop. ) Some customers are just a waste of time because they will never be satisfied. Topic Sentence 5 : It creates unhappy employees Supporting statement : 1) It lowers employees’ morale. 2) It lowers employees’ motivation to work. Refutation : 1) Although the policy will cause businesses to spend more time and resources in dealing with demanding customers, it will garner higher customer loyalty and expand the consumer base. 2) Despite that the policy may create u nhappiness among employees, it is their job to ensure that customer satisfaction comes first above others. In today’s competitive world, a business must always have the policy that the consumer is right because it does not only retain a company’s image and reputation, it also leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. Businesses must be aware that their consumers are the essence of their company. Without consumers, the business would cease to exist. The phrase, ‘The customer is always right’ can be explained as the trading policy that states a company's keenness to be seen to put customers first (Martin, 1996). It was originally coined by Harry Gordon Selfridge in 1909 and often used by businesses to convince customers that they will receive good service or convince employees to deliver good service. Many businesses argue that there are customers who are just plain wrong and unreasonable while others are mostly just seeking advantage. However, in this current economic climate, companies cannot afford to neglect their customers’ wants and needs if they are planning to stay in business for the long term. Therefore, it makes perfect sense that the said policy encourages a company’s growth despite lowering employees morale and giving abrasive consumers an advantage. Businesses which implement the policy will retain and strengthen their image and reputation, making them a step quicker at reaching their objectives and goals. James Kocsi (2006) says, â€Å"To be competitive, you need to analyze what makes your company different from others in your industry. Pricing and quality are always the key factors, but do not overlook the value of customer service. † Clearly, this shows that customer service means delivering satisfaction to all your clients even if they are wrong or irrational. In short, your consumers are always right and this meant making an adjustment to satisfy them even when your company is not at fault. It helps minimize negative image of public relation being passed around when customers are unsatisfied with your product or services, avoid desertion by them and most ultimately, save your company from the complications of possible legal suits (Witzel, 2005). It is undeniable that higher profits are obtained in the long term by these businesses as well. Customers who have their complaints and suggestions attended efficiently are most likely to be your returning customers. The policy indirectly creates brand loyalty among them and they become your product ambassadors. In Josh Hall's (2009) view, engaging with unsatisfied customers and exceeding their expectations can frequently result in a positive business outcome from a potentially damaging situation. This can be done by sending a letter of apology or similar gestures to help solidify a positive impression in the customer’s eyes. Rombel (2004) points out that bad customer service can cost you a long-time client. He added that the customer scorned is likely to tell everyone he knows about what happened to him. When a client becomes dissatisfied, you risk losing that business plus potential business if negative comments about your company are passed along. Witzel (2005) states that disgruntled consumers tend to defect to rival businesses. He suggests accepting responsibility than to argue with customers where responsibility lies. This is due to the fact that there is little profit earned and more damage being done regardless of whom is at fault. Besides that, business will operate more effectively in the future upon having the policy that the customer is always right. Rather than taking negative feedbacks as criticism, they should have the mindset that their customers are always right and use it for improvement to provide better products or services. Daud (2009) stated that pleasing customers is fundamental and it should be at the forefront of our minds when we work and gaining new ones as the ultimate incentive for improving service. He further explains that shoppers read reviews prior to making purchase decisions. Positive reviews are beneficial as a form of effective form of advertising while negative ones can be used as constructive criticism to fix weak areas. According to Morisson (2008),complaints usually come from loyal customers, rather than disloyal ones. He added that loyal customers tell you what is wrong in the hope that it will improve the situation, so that they do not have to defect to your competitors, and it gives your business a valuable opportunity to identify and fix problems, make amends and retain a possibly lost business. Granted, the policy that the customer is right is vital to a business’s wellbeing but however, in reality, some customers are just more troubles than they are worth. There are times where a customer is not always right, especially if your company begins to suffer from having a bad seed on your client list (Brodsky & Mitchell, 2007). According to Brodsky and Mitchell, living by the policy may cause businesses to overlook or excuse a customer's bad behavior due to the need to satisfy any client that pays. These customers are usually your regular clients, but despite attempts to rectify their dissatisfaction, they constantly complaint that you are not up to their expectations. This clearly gives abrasive customers an unfair advantage, and as a result, the company will need to compensate them in terms of monetary, refunds, exchanges and discounts which will all lead to a lower profitability. Besides that, repetition of similar incidents will happen if it is not dealt with in a proper way. For example, Brown (2009) argues that bad customers are a waste of time and resources because the costs of serving them will outweigh the benefits you will receive from them. Furthermore, businesses need to decide if they are to side with a emanding and unreasonable customer or their loyal employee. The act of trying to please your customers, even if they are at wrong, will create unhappy employees and this will eventually lead to lower morale and less motivation to work. Forcing employees to deal with obnoxious, unrealistic and abusive customers reduces morale (Brown, 2009). It gives employees a mentality that they are not valued by the company and they should not have an y respect for the customers. She adds that, â€Å"The time that you spend trying to satisfy the impossible customer decreases the benefits you can provide to the good ones. Your most demanding customers are not your profitable ones. Rewarding them reduces your resources without a return on investment. † ING Direct, a finance institution, reported that there was a 45% of increase in profits between 2002 and 2003 when they started getting rid of overly demanding customers (Esfahani, 2004). Although the policy might cause a business to spend more time and resources in dealing with demanding customers, it has been proven that it garners higher customer loyalty and greatly expands consumer base. A survey conducted by Retail Council of Canada proved that store loyalty increases dramatically when customers enjoy a great shopping experience. This is because of the high likelihood of returning customers and those who spread their great shopping experiences to others will help boost business sales (Retail Council of Canada, 2009). Kent (2004) points out that good customer service should be emphasised above all else, even when it comes to customers who may simply waste time with never-ending, pointless calls. He quoted that employees are employed to satisfy every customer and therefore, customer satisfaction comes first above all else. They should therefore be equipped with training programs to provide better services and deal with demanding customers effectively. In conclusion, the policy that the customer is right is a fundamental rule to all businesses because it retains a company’s image and reputation, leads to higher profitability in the long term and helps the company to operate more efficiently in the future. Brown, P. B. , 2009. â€Å"Know When to Fire a Customer. New York Times, September 16. Avaliable from: http://www. proquest. com/ [Accessed on October 16, 2009] Daud, N. , 2009. The Power of Online Customer Feedback. Available from: http://www. businesswings. co. uk/articles/The-power-of-online-customer-feedback [Accessed on October 18, 2009] Esfahani, E. , 2004. â€Å"How To†¦ : Get Tough With Bad Customers. † Business 2. 0, 5, no. 9: 52. Available from: Business Source Premier. [Accessed on October 16, 2009] Hall, J. , 2009. â€Å"How To Deal With Customer Complaints and Profit. † Real Business, [internet] Septenber 20. Available from : http://www. realbusiness. co. uk/news/sales-and-marketing/5692676/how-to-deal-with-customer-complaints-and-profit. thtml [Accessed on October 15, 2009] Kent, S. , 2004. When is enough, enough? Personnel Today. Available from: http://www. proquest. com/ [Accessed on October 18, 2009] Kocsi, J. , 2006. â€Å"What Makes You Different from the Rest? † NJBIZ, September 4. no. 36:10. Martin, G. , 1996-2009. The customer is always right. Available from: http://www. phrases. org. uk/meanings/106700. html. [Accessed on October 15, 2009] Morrison, R. , 2008. Spinning Straw Into Gold:Turn Customer Feedback Into Business Success. Available from: http://www. customerthink. com/article/spinning_straw_gold_turn_customer_feedback [Accessed on October 18, 2009] [Accessed on October 18, 2009] Rombel, A. , 2004. â€Å"Who Says The Customer Is Always Right? † Business Journal (Central New York) 18, no. 50: 24. Available from: Regional Business News [Accessed on October 15, 2009] Witzel, M. , 2005. Keep your relationship with clients afloat. FT. com, January 30. Available from: http://www. proquest. com/ [Accessed on October 15, 2009]

A Muslim s Mind Synopsis Essay - 2036 Words

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Bush has described the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as fostering â€Å"a monumental battle of good versus evil.† In this battle, there has been no doubt in his mind (or in ours) regarding who is on the side of good and who is on the side of evil. Though some have winced at the President’s use of such absolute moral terms to portray the tragic events of that fateful day, others have applauded his courageous use of such unfashionableRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCanada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 An International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided by

Definitions of Custom College Papers for Sale

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The Dark Side of Writing Edagar Allan Poe and Stephen...

Edgar Allan Poe and Stephen King are famous for their works in horror. Who are these authors and why do they write these horrifying tales? Edgar Allan Poe’s life and literary works are more ominous than Stephen King’s life and literary work. Edgar Allan Poe had a morose story of his life. His life started out with his parents dying when Poe was only three years old. He was adopted by a wealthy tobacco merchant, John Allan and his wife, Frances Valentine Allan. John Allan raised Edgar Allan Poe to be his own, yet Poe wasn’t an Allan much. Poe decided not to go into business for college yet that was the only reason John would pay for Edgar to go to college. So, Edgar Allan Poe had to pay for college on his own. He decided to take up†¦show more content†¦Edgar Allan Poe was found in Baltimore for unknown reason when he was supposedly going to Philadelphia. On the other hand, Stephen King’s life is not as bad as Edgar Allan Poe’s. Stephen King was a surprise to the King Family, when he was born on September 21, 1947. Stephen King’s parent’s relationship was a beastly one, and ended with Stephen’s father leaving when he was two years old. King had ups and downs as a child. Ac cording to Stephen King in an interview, King said, As a young child, King witnessed a horrifying accident. â€Å"The event occurred when I was barely four,† King recounted. â€Å"According to Mom, I had gone off to play at a neighbor’s house — a house that was near a railroad line. About an hour after I left, I came back, she said, ‘as white as a ghost.’ I would not speak for the rest of the day. I would not tell her why I’d not waited to be picked up or phoned that I wanted to come home. I would not tell her why my chum’s mom hadn’t walked me back, but had allowed me to come home alone. It turned out that the kid I had been playing with had been run over by a freight train while playing on or crossing the tracks†¦ My mom never knew if I had been near him when it happened. But I have no memory of the incident at all, only of having been told about it some years after the fact† (blogs.amctv.com). King, in college studied literature to become a writer

Media Governance and Public Sphere

Question: Discuss about the Media Governance and Public Sphere. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the study is to analyze a policy document of government and critically evaluate it from the media governance angle. Creative Australia national cultural policy has been selected as the case study. Creative Australia has portrait the essential role of art and culture in Australia and its relationship with the economy and social culture of the nation. Keeping this perspective into consideration, the thesis statement for the discussion can be formulated. Creative Australia reflects the diversity of modern Australia and outlines the cultural heritage and creative industry that happened to be a vital industry in the historic past of Australia and has been helping to create a bright future in the same field (Caust 2014). There is no dilemma to understand the fact that the artists of the nation are not treated the way other professionals are treated. They always remain devoid of certain opportunities in the society. However, in the recent time, it has been observed that the gover nment has been focusing on this part of the society as well and better approach has been made to create the artists and the creative people in a better way. Thus, a critical analysis of the current situation of the governmental policy towards Creative Australia shall be carried out in this study. Policy Summary: It has been evident that the Australian Government has laid foundation to launch Creative Australia as a reform program in the field of art and cultural infrastructure. In order to achieve the strategic goals of the country, the government has been found to invest in the art and cultural infrastructure. Investment has been made in the music industry as a part of the cultural perspective (Caust 2014). Considering the size and scale of Australia, the cultural heritage and identity of the nation plays a vital role in shaping the art and culture of the nation. Australia is always embraced as the home of one of the oldest living people with a unique culture. They have an enduring legacy and robust values build for over two centuries. Keeping all these perspectives into consideration, Australian government has elevated to improve the cultural perspective as a part of the political agenda. Creative Australia has recognized the centrality of creativity, art and culture across the whole nation and how effectively government can play a significant role in improving the condition of the society. Government is focusing on engaging people in the various art and cultural activities. In this respect, the impact and influence of the digital tools and media cannot be denied. The digital tools have helped in fostering and building the socio-cultural perspective of creativity. This in turn has also helped to create more job opportunities and unimaginable participation of people in the field of art and culture (Altman 2013). Keeping all these consequences into consideration, serious actions have been taken by the government of Australia and the Australia Council have been found to redesigned for the purpose of getting better outcome from the overall situation. It has been found that more people have been found that more people engaged in developing a broad peer assessment on the Au stralian artists. A more flexible structure has been designed to form the broad structure for the platform of the artistic talent. Severe discussions were made to make out things in a proper way and create collaboration with other nations or countries (Cowen 2009). This shall help Australia to achieve a strong hold of the overall approach made towards the artistic field. In order to expand the process of the creativity and traditional heritage of the nation, it has been found that there were major organizational bodies that partnered with other and mandate a support of growth in the particular field. In fact, this approach was made towards a business perspective that shall help the nation to gain profit from the overall activities. Therefore, the government at the different level was found to participate in the overall development of the culture and other creative areas. Far sighting this approach of profitability, it was seen that the government had invested more than $1.5 million in these aspects (Caust 2014). It was ensured that the creative and other artistic means such as the songs and the dance shall continue without any kind of hindrance in the process. Further, it was found that in order to make the things acceptable among the population of the country, some practices needed to be carried on that would eventually help the population of the co untry to understand the value of the artistic and creative field of the nation. Thus, investment was made to build a number of museums and other such places that shall reflect the creativity of the nation. In fact, the media also played a significant role in this by informing the population about the advent of these places. Soon these places were popularized and the nation saw a new glace of artistic talent in the era of scientific development (Gray 2004). The art museums, galleries and libraries do not only have huge collection of paintings and figurines but it also contained a huge collection of songs, films and other such divisions of art. Explanation and Evaluation: Evaluating the concept of Creative Culture undertaken by the government of Australia, it can be said that the federal government of Australia has made successful strategic planning by the partnering with the artists, philanthropists, educational institutions and with the community groups as well. This way, the government has been successful in inspiring people and pursued a leadership approach with better diligence and commitment (Mcdowall 2013). A well trained and diligent group of creative partners have been helping in advancing the stages of art and culture in the country. In fact, the Australian artists have also been found to make their domination in the international market as well. The media made them more popular among the other nations. Soon, it was found the popularity and the acceptability of these artists kept on increasing and Australia could be easily known by the name of these famous artists rather than as a country for the best cricket players (Gray 2004). In order to introduce new acts for the purpose of creative Australia, a number of significant steps have been taken. Government has supported the steps by making better funding decisions. For instance, the government has modernized the governance structure for the Australian council that has successfully helped to adapt the changes and the emerging trends of the art and the culture (Throsby 2006). In fact, the Government has been found to invest about $75.3 million for the artists and the art organizations. This has allowed the council to carry out more development and researches in the field of art and creativity. $39 million has been observed to be transferred for the regional touring programs and another $22.8 million for the visual art and craft strategy (Gibson 2014). All these strategies have been undertaken to improve the artistic and the cultural excellence of the nation. Understanding the value of this field and the increasing demand of artists, many people were also found to try out their career in the artistic field. It was not necessarily that the artists had to perform in the live streaming only, but the artists chose any option to present their talent to the public (Rowe et al. 2016). It was found that people recorded their video and made it publicized among the people through the various channels of internet. The power of the social media sites like the Facebook, Twitter, YouTube cannot be declined. It has helped many artists to reach out that point of success that many crave for (Idriss 2016). Another important point of consideration is that the artistic talent was not limited to certain areas like songs or dance but it was found that various artists came up with various themes of serving people (Westwood 2013). For instance, it was found that many artists were focusing on the other aspects of the culture, like the visual arts, design and in f act as a part of comedy show as well. In the later stage, it was evident that Australia welcomed many other artists from around the world to participate in the talent hunt. People started liking these shows and the popularity of these shows increased from time to time. Critique: As commented by Gibson (2014), there has been a drastic change in the traditional artistic and creative means that used to carry on in the nation of Australia. The advent of media and technology has improved the situation to a large extent. With the help of the technological development, it has become easier to reach out people even in the international sphere. This way, the nation has been gaining identity in the sphere of art and creativity. The cultural policy of Australia has shaped the cultural aspect of the country and has helped to gain the things that had been long been remained concealed under the influence of other developments (Dovey et al. 2016). However, there are certain challenges that the new cultural policy of the nation has been facing in the recent time. The challenges include the decision of the government to invest in the field of art and culture instead of advancement in other fields like education and science. Much have been debated on the fact that for the dev elopment of a country, investment shall be made on better research and development and in the scientific technology and not for conserving the art and the heritage of the nation (Bennett et al. 2015). However, keeping the demand of the market into consideration, it has become evident that the demand of artistic talent has been increasing. Thus, if certain approaches are made that would improve the art and culture of the nation, it should be welcomed. If the approach of creative Australia is compared with the other nations of the world, it can be said that many other countries have also been found to invest in the creative field as well (Power 2016). Countries like India, Spain and other European countries as well have well integrated structure for the artists and the creative people. In fact, a good sum of money is kept for improving the creativity and the cultural heritage of the country. Suzor et al. (2014) have commented that for some countries the traditional approach is a part of the culture of the country and thus, the government has to spend on this. However, it might not be same for the case of Australia. Thus, the debate of whether the government should participate in the improvement of the artistic and the cultural aspect of the country still continued (Daniel 2016). There were many reforms that were conducted as a part of increasing the value of the artist and create a better stand for them. In order to change the scen ario, several policies were designed that ultimately created a storm and a change in the overall cultural policy of the country. With all these reforms, the artists also relieved their part of life and they were given the equal rights and opportunities in the society like other professional experts. Conclusion: Adetailed discussion on the governmental policy for improving the approach towards the creative Australians has been carried. It has been observed that the artists and the creative people have been given much opportunity in the recent time to show their talent in front of the nation and the world. Governmental policies have included funding and investing on the various parts that relates to the artistic talent. The government has been helpful enough to provide them the opportunity to come up with their talent and show it to the world. The media has played a significant role in reaching out the public in both domestic and the international forum. The artists who perform on various types of creative activities have been provided with major opportunities that would support their talent and helped them to prosper in life. This way it can be said that the government is supporting all the professions of the nation. References: Altman, Jon. 2013. Indigenous cultural policy: Creative Australia or creative accounting? The Conversation, April 19. Bennett, J., R. Woods, N. Bower, S. Bruce, and G. O'Connor. "Creative councils for creative communities: The Marrickville creativity project." (2015). Caust, Josephine. 2014. Cultural wars in an Australian context: challenges in developing a national cultural policy. International Journal of Cultural Policy 21: 168182. Cowen, Tyler. 2009. In praise of commercial culture? Harvard University Press. Daniel, Ryan. "Creative artists, career patterns and career theory: insights from the Australian context."Australian Journal of Career Development25, no. 3 (2016): 91-98. Dovey, Ken, Steve Burdon, and Robert Simpson. "Creative leadership as a collective achievement: An Australian case."Management Learning(2016): 1350507616651387. Gibson, Chris, ed.Creativity in peripheral places: Redefining the creative industries. Routledge, 2014. Gray, C. 2004. Joining-up or tagging on? The arts, cultural planning and the view from below. Public Policy and Administration 19: 38-49. Idriss, Sherene. "Racialisation in the Creative Industries and the Arab-Australian Multicultural Artist."Journal of Intercultural Studies37, no. 4 (2016): 406-420. Mcdowall, Carolyn. 2013. Creative Australia Arts Culture Reforms Long Overdue. The Culture Concept Circle, March 10. Power, Anne. "Transformations in Arts-Based Service Learning: The Impact of Cultural Immersion on Pre-service Teachers Attitudes to Australian Aboriginal Creative Music-Making." InEngaging First Peoples in Arts-Based Service Learning, pp. 147-158. Springer International Publishing, 2016. Rowe, David, Greg Noble, Tony Bennett, and Michelle Kelly. 2016. Transforming cultures? From Creative Nation to Creative Australia. Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy 158: 6. Suzor, Nicolas P., and Rebecca Tushnet. "Creative Commons Australia and Organization for Transformative Works submission to the Australian Governments online copyright infringement discussion paper." (2014). Throsby, David. Jan 2006. Does Australia Need a Cultural Policy? Platform Papers 7:1-54. Westwood, Matthew. 2013. Creative Australia arts policy to 'create jobs. The Weekend Australian, March 13.

Sigmund Freud Theory free essay sample

This socialisation takes place through parents’ rewarding good behaviour and punishing bad behaviour. However, the parents are not always â€Å"in control† of their own feelings. Sometimes they allow their own feelings of frustration and disappointment show (based in their feelings of inadequacy formed because of perceived pressures from other parents). The parent rewards the child for behaviour that is â€Å"approved†. Displays of anger or even violence demonstrate the parent’s disappointment. The child enjoys the warm feeling of satisfaction. The child feels guilt and shame at â€Å"letting its parent down†.These feelings of shame and guilt become established in the psyche as the conscience. 2 Conscience Freud The Conscience at Work A person brought up in a strictly Christian family can experience powerful feelings of guilt if (or when! ) they begin to reject some of the values that they have been brought up to hold. Peter was brought up in a strongly Presbyterian family. We will write a custom essay sample on Sigmund Freud Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he was a child, he attended Church twice every Sunday.  § The minister’s sermons would be delivered in powerful tones – the theme would usually be the punishment in hell waiting for the unrighteous. He would be made to wear his uncomfortable â€Å"Sunday Best† – there would be no Television, or toys or games. The day was spent in silent contemplation, Bible study or discussion groups.  § Many topics were â€Å"taboo† – particularly sex. Alcohol was banned. The women in the Church dressed modestly, and expected their daughters to dress the same. When Peter leaves home, and begins to experience aspects of the World previously forbidden to him, he may feel a certain guilt. For example, Peter’s first experience of alcohol may not simply leave him with a powerful hangover.He may also feel guilt. This feeling of guilt may (or may not) affect his decision making in future encounters with the demon drink.  § These guilt feelings will be particularly powerful when linked to sexuality.  § In particular, homosexuality, masturbation and sex outside of the marriage bond would give rise to guilt feelings. The Christian Church appears to have behaved in such a way as to support Freud’s theory. St Augustine and St Paul are accused of establishing a climate of sexual repression through their teachings about sexuality:  §  §St Paul writes at length about the correct setting for a sexual relationship – in particular he argues that marriage can be used as a safety valve for the sex-drive. St Augustine provides a clearer example of the way that guilt can lead to a puritanical view of sex. St Augustine’s mother was a devout Christian. Augustine grew to resent her views, and as he grew he began to â€Å"experiment† with life. During his early years, he joined a sect (almost like joining a cult today). He travelled to Milan to study rhetoric, and took a lover (she later gave birth to a Son by him). However, he began to feel increasingly uncomfortable about his hedonistic lifestyle. He began to look for less physical answers to his feelings, and at a particularly low moment had a conversion experience. On his return to North Africa he was (forcibly) ordained Bishop of Hippo, and he began writing some of the most influential works in Christian literature. 3 Conscience Freud With reference to sexual intercourse, Augustine is quoted as saying â€Å"men should go to their task with reluctance†. Augustine also argued that the best relationship within a marriage was one of celibacy.His teachings affected Christian attitudes to sexuality.  § This has led to a repression of sexuality within Christianity – the Church appeared to consider sexuality to be innately sinful. Freud argues that this disapproval of sexuality has caused the repression of feelings of shame, leading to neurotic behaviour. The guilt felt by a person causes them to behave in a certain way. Does this mean that there is no place for God in Freud’s view of the Conscience? Freud’s argument is based on the idea that the Conscience is manufactured from experiences and conditioning.Aquinas and Butler argue for a more God-given conscience. There has not been a satisfactory attempt to explain how Freud’s version of the conscience can have God as its source – the best would appear to be that God provided the structure in which the conscience develops. Modern developments in Freud’s theory. Psychology now argues for a two-level conscience. The ego forms a more mature The super-ego forms an conscience. It seeks to achieve under-developed conscience. a form of self-identity based on This is based on the mass of value and worth. The ego tries experiences of shame and guilt. o develop a â€Å"world-view† for The super-ego causes the the person which informs his person to behave like a child – direction through life. seeking approval, or obeying rules without question. It is possible to reintroduce the role of God into the development of the conscience. The mature conscience seeks to establish self-identity based on ideas of value. Many philosophers have argued that the highest value is that of the greatest good (the Summum Bonum). Some even identify God with the highest good – it could therefore be argued that as the mature conscience is striving for the highest good. 4